Published Book on Amazon
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All of IOT
Starting with the Latest Raspberry Pi from Beginner to Advanced – Volume 1 |
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All of IOT
Starting with the Latest Raspberry Pi from Beginner to Advanced – Volume 2 |
출판된 한글판 도서
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최신 라즈베리파이(Raspberry Pi)로 시작하는 사
물인터넷(IOT)의 모든 것 – 초보에서 고급까지 (상) |
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최신 라즈베리파이(Raspberry Pi)로 시작하는 사
물인터넷(IOT)의 모든 것 – 초보에서 고급까지 (하) |
Original Book Contents
17.2.2 package 관리도구 – dpkg
"dpkg" 도구는 Debian의 package management system에 기반을 두고 있는 software로서, ".deb" packages를 설치하거나 삭제하고, package에 대한 정보를 제공하는 용도로 사용된다.
"dpkg" package는 "dpkg" program뿐만 아니라 "dpkg-deb", "dpkg-split", "dpkg-query", "dpkg-statoverride", "dpkg-divert", "dpkg-trigger"와 같이 packaging system을 실제로 작동시키는데 필요한 여러 가지 프로그램들이 함께 포함되어 있다.
"dpkg" 자체는 low level 도구이며, 모든 명령을 text 형식으로 입력하는 CLI 방식으로 실행된다. 통상 "APT", "aptitude", "synaptic"와 같은 보다 상위 도구를 사용하여 원격에서 package를 fetch하기도 하고, 복잡한 package의 상호관계를 처리한다.
"dpkg" 도구를 사용하여 package를 관리할 때는 "dpkg" 명령을 사용한다. 이 명령을 실행하면 지정 action과 option에 따라서 내부적으로는 "dpkg-deb", "dpkg-query"와 같은 내부 명령들이 실행되도록 되어 있다.
이 명령은 다음과 같이 action과 option을 지정하는 형식으로 되어 있다.
[명령 형식]
| dpkg [option...] action |
[명령 개요]
■ 시스템의 package를 관리해 준다.
■ user 권한 -- 일반 user.
[상세 설명]
■ "dpkg"는 한번에 하나의 action을 지정하도록 되어 있고, 필요하면 option을 지정할 수 있다.
[주요 option]
■ Action
| -i, --install package-file... | Install the package. If --recursive or -R option is specified, package-file must refer to a directory instead. |
| --unpack package-file... | Unpack the package, but don't configure it. If --recursive or –R option is specified, package-file must refer to a directory instead. |
| --configure package...|-a|--pending
| Configure a package which has been unpacked but not yet configured. If -a or --pending is given instead of package, all unpacked but unconfigured packages are configured. |
| -r, --remove package...|-a|--pending | Remove an installed package. This removes everything except conffiles, which may avoid having to reconfigure the package if it is reinstalled later (conffiles are configuration files that are listed in the DEBIAN/conffiles control file). If -a or –pending is given instead of a package name, then all packages unpacked, but marked to be removed in file /var/lib/dpkg/status, are removed. |
| -P, --purge package...|-a|--pending
| Purge an installed or already removed package. This removes everything, including conffiles. If -a or --pending is given instead of a package name, then all packages unpacked or removed, but marked to be purged in file /var/lib/dpkg/status, are purged. |
| -V, --verify [package-name...]
| Verifies the integrity of package-name or all packages if omitted, by comparing information from the files installed by a package with the files metadata information stored in the dpkg database. The origin of the files metadata information in the database is the binary packages themselves. That metadata gets collected at package unpack time during the installation process. |
■ "dpkg-query" 관련 action
| -l, --list package-name-pattern... | List packages matching given pattern.
The first three columns of the output show the desired action, the package status, and errors, in that order. Desired action: u = Unknown i = Install h = Hold r = Remove p = Purge Package status: n = Not-installed c = Config-files H = Half-installed U = Unpacked F = Half-configured W = Triggers-awaiting t = Triggers-pending i = Installed Error flags: <empty> = (none) R = Reinst-required |
| -s, --status package-name... | Report status of specified package.
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| -L, --listfiles package-name... | List files installed to your system from package-name.
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| -S, --search filename-search-pattern... | Search for a filename from installed packages.
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| -p, --print-avail package-name... | Display details about package-name, as found in /var/lib/dpkg/available. Users of APT-based frontends should use apt-cache show package-name instead. |
■ "dpkg-deb" 관련 action
| -b, --build directory [archive|directory] | Build a deb package. |
| -c, --contents archive | List contents of a deb package. |
| -e, --control filename [directory] | Extract control-information from a package. |
| -x, --extract archive directory | Extract the files contained by package. |
| -X, --vextract archive directory | Extract and display the filenames contained by a package. |
| -f, --field archive [control-field...] | Display control field(s) of a package. |
| --fsys-tarfile archive | Display the filesystem tar-file contained by a Debian package.
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| -I, --info archive [control-file...] | Show information about a package. |
■ Option
| -B, --auto-deconfigure | When a package is removed, there is a possibility that another installed package depended on the removed package. Specifying this option will cause automatic deconfiguration of the package which depended on the removed package. |
| --ignore-depends=package,... | Ignore dependency-checking for specified packages (actually, checking is performed, but only warnings about conflicts are given, nothing else). |
| --admindir=dir
| Change default administrative directory, which contains many files that give information about status of installed or uninstalled packages, etc. (Defaults to /var/lib/dpkg) |
| --instdir=dir
| Change default installation directory which refers to the directory where packages are to be installed. instdir is also the directory passed to chroot(2) before running package's installation scripts, which means that the scripts see instdir as a root directory. (Defaults to /) |