7.1.2 X Windows and LXDE
The X Window System, also known as X11, X, or X-Windows, provides a framework for using the GUI environment on Unix/Linux-based computers. X-Windows works on a client-server basis. The X-server works by communicating with various kinds of client programs. X-serve also exports windows screen and receives and processes user input such as keyboard, mouse, and touch screen.
7.1 Window Features of Raspbian OS
7.1.1 Why Use Window?
Below is the screen of the window system. Briefly reviewing, the overall appearance does not really look different from the window of other operating systems.
Chapter 7 Overview of Desktop Window
Chapter’s Main Topics
Here we will briefly review the contents of the window provided by the Raspberry Pi system. We will not go into the details about the all functions of the Raspberry Pi system window here, but we will only look the overall structure and understand the basic principles of operation. Also, some of the items, such as programming, will be discussed in detail in other sections of this book.
It includes descriptions on the following topics:
■ Features of the Raspbian operating system window
■ Basic structure of window
■ Structure of window panel and desktop
■ Key Execution Program
■ Help
■ Preference
■ Run
■ Shutdown
6.3.3 System Termination on Window
If you want to exit the window on the window screen, execute Menu → Shutdown menu. [Shutdown] menu provides the ability to shut down the system, boot again, or logout from the current user account.
6.3.2 System Termination in Terminal
6.3.2.1 “shutdown” Command
The “shutdown” command shutdown the entire system normally.
It waits until all tasks that are currently running are terminated, and then terminates the entire operating system when all tasks are terminated. When the system is shut down, all operations on the system are terminated, all network connections are terminated, and the logon users are disconnected.
6.3 System Connection and Termination
6.3.1 How to Terminate
On Linux systems, the following command can be used by default when exiting the currently running system. We will review each of these termination methods here:
■ Shutdown — Shut down the system normally.
■ Halt — Forcibly terminates the system.
■ Poweroff — Halt the system and shut off the power.
■ Reboot — Halt the system to shut down and then restart the system.
■ Logout — Terminates the current user.
6.2.4 Local Desktop GUI connection
6.2.4.1 Local Desktop GUI connection and Logon
When you start the Desktop window on the Raspberry Pi system, the window shown below will start.
Figure 6‑5 Local Desktop GUI connection
There are several ways to start a window from the console. You can start the window from booting, or logon to the Shell Terminal when booting and then manually start the window. For details on the settings, refer to [9.5 Setting Boot Startup Screen].
6.2.3 Local Terminal Connection
This section willl explain the case where it is set to start as Terminal at first when booting.
6.2.3.1 Starting Local Terminal Connection
When booting from the Raspberry Pi system, various messages related to booting are displayed on the console connected to the system. When booting is complete, the following Terminal screen is started.
6.2.2 Setting for Local Connection Method
When the Pi system boots, how it initially starts up in the console depends on the booting-related settings of the system. When you set the booting option, you specify what type of connection you want the console to use, and determine whether you want to connect to the Terminal or use the Desktop window method. For detailed procedure and details, please refer to the description of [9.5 Setting Boot Startup Screen].
6.2 Local Connection
This section will examine in detail the local connection method connecting to the Raspberry Pi system at the console. The remote connection method via network will be described in detail in [18.2 Remote Terminal Connection].
6.2.1 Progress Flow of Terminal at Console
At the console of the Raspberry Pi system, you can use all seven Terminal connections when connecting to the system. If you press CTRL + ALT + F1 ~ F7, you can see each Terminal connection provided by the system.